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LM 35 as thermometer

This circuit buiding from ATmega16 AVR, could as thermometer display on LCD.
Circuit:



source code:
int SUHU;
char temp[8];
float suhu_celcius;

#include
#include
#include
#include

// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
.equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm

#define ADC_VREF_TYPE 0x40

// Read the AD conversion result
unsigned int read_adc(unsigned char adc_input)
{
ADMUX=adc_input | (ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
// Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage
delay_us(10);
// Start the AD conversion
ADCSRA|=0x40;
// Wait for the AD conversion to complete
while ((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);
ADCSRA|=0x10;
return ADCW;
}

void main(void)
{
// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;

// ADC initialization
// ADC Clock frequency: 750.000 kHz
// ADC Voltage Reference: AVCC pin
// ADC Auto Trigger Source: None
ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff;
ADCSRA=0x84;

// LCD module initialization
lcd_init(16);
lcd_clear();
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("ElectrO-cOntrOl");

lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_putsf("SENSOR SUHU LM35");
delay_ms(1000);

while (1)
{
lcd_clear( );
SUHU = read_adc(0);
suhu_celcius = (float)SUHU*500/1023;//rumus untuk mengubah kedalam derajat celcius

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("ElectrO-cOntrOl");
ftoa(suhu_celcius,1,temp);//mengubah tipe data float ke tipe data array yg akan ditampilkan di LCD
lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_puts(temp);

lcd_gotoxy(5,1);
lcd_putchar(0xdf);//menampilkan karakter derajat
lcd_putsf("C");
delay_ms(500);
};
}

Source articles from: elektro-kontrol.blogspot.com

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RAIN ALARM by Hankumar

This is a simple circuit that can be used to detect rain. It will give a loud beep when the first drop of rail falls on the sensor. So it useful to detect rain where sun drying is carried out.

Op-Amp IC 741 is designed as a voltage comparator. Its inverting input pin2 receives half supply voltage (4.5V) through the potential divider R1 and R2. Its non-inverting input pin 3 is connected to touch pads and variable resistor VR1. Output of the comparator becomes high only when its pin3 gets a higher voltage than pin2. Normally pin 3 is low because it is not getting current from the positive supply. So output remains low. This inhibits transistor T1 and buzzer remains off. When the contacts of the touch pad gets water, current passes through the contacts to the pin 3 of the comparator. This higher voltage at pin 3 causes the output to go high. LED lights and transistor conducts. Buzzer then starts beeping to indicate rain.

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POWER SUPPLAY DIRECT FROM MAIN

This circuit can supply voltage about 12V 15mA directly from main AC . The modification for other output voltage can replace the zener diode. careful of hot main.
This circuit from topsituscom

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How to Learn Holly Quran + Sound Of Its Portable

The simple learning qur'an with arabic text and pronounce sound just install Holly quran and murotal mp3 at the same gadget like Nokia 5630. They can running on same time on Symbian OS. Fisrt open Holly quarn/mushaf and then play mp3 murotal at same juz.

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Troubleshooting laptop keyboard typing random

Troubleshooting laptop keyboard typing random, turns a small problem, not a virus and others. The problem is the Fn + NumLk active, then turn it off by pressing Fn + NumLk again .... the problem is resolved.

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Programming (Interface) LCDs with AVR Microcontroller ATMEGA8535

Basic Theory of LCD

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a viewer module which is widely used because it looks interesting. LCDs are the most widely used today is to refurbish M1632 LCD because the price is quite cheap. M1632 LCD display is an LCD module with 2x16 (2 rows x 16 columns) with low power consumption. The module is equipped with a microcontroller specifically designed to control the LCD.

Artificial Hitachi HD44780 microcontroller that serves as the LCD controller has CGROM (Character Generator Read Only Memory), CGRAM (Character Generator Random Access Memory), and DDRAM (Display Data Random Access Memory).

LCDs are common, there is a length of up to 40 characters (2x40 and 4x40), which we use to manage storage DDRAM the character.

Composition of Addresses In LCDs

Start address and end address character 00H 39H. Thus, the initial address on the second line starts from 40H. If you want to put a character on the second row first column, then it should be set at address 40H. Thus, although the LCD is used 2x16 or 2x24, or 2x40, then writing the same program.

CGRAM is a memory to describe the pattern of a character, where the shapes of the characters can be changed in accordance with the wishes. However, the memory will be lost when power supply is off so that the pattern of the character will be lost. The following table pin for LCD M1632. The difference with the standard LCD is at the foot of a VCC, and Gnd feet 2. This is in contrast to a standard LCD.

M1632 LCD foot structureKeep in mind, such as the HD44780 LCD driver has access to two registers are set using the RS pin. At the time of hospitals logic 0, the register is accessed is a command, while at the RS logic 1, the register that is accessed is data register.

In order to activate the LCD, the initialization process must be done by setting the RS bit and to clear the bits of E with minimal delay 15 ms. Then sends the data 30h and delayed again for 5 ms. This process should be done three times, then send the initials 20H and interface data length with a width of 4 bits only (28H). After that the display is turned off (08H) and in-clear-it (01h). Subsequently setting displays and cursors, and blinking is ON or OFF.

The following figure shows the relationship between an LCD with a microcontroller port, there is usually a potentiometer to adjust contrast / brightness of the LCD. On the input LED, mounted transistor as a current amplifier, so it can display the LED light is bright enough.
Here is a sample program displays a message with a sliding right-left with a certain delay. Create a new project with the name of the LCD, and enter the following code.

NOT YET FINISH...FOLLOW NEXT TIME

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